PA08 Matrix Operations

Problem description

Until now, we have only worked with one-dimensional arrays. We are now ready to explore two- dimensional arrays, called matrices (singular: matrix). A matrix represents a table with rows and columns.

In mathematics, a matrix is a rectangular array of numbers (or symbols or expressions), arranged in rows and columns. For example, the dimensions of the matrix below are 2 x 3, because there are two rows and three columns. The individual items in a matrix are called its elements.

1 9 13
20 5 6

For this assignment, you will implement a program that performs a variety of operations on a square matrix of size N x N, where each element is an integer in the interval 0...9. Your program will perform a set of operations on the matrix sequentially, then print the matrix. All operations affect the matrix in place.

There are five different known operations:

row a b - Row a is swapped with row b.

col a b - Column a is swapped with column b.

inc - Every element is incremented by 1 (modulo 10). (If after adding 1 an element becomes 10, we change it to 0.)

dec - Every element is decremented by 1 (modulo 10). (If after subtracting 1 an element becomes -1, we change it to 9.)

transpose - Transpose the matrix. Transposing a matrix means turning all the rows of the given matrix into columns and vice-versa. Example:

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

after transposing becomes

1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

Input specification

The input file starts with an integer T (T < 50) that indicates the number of test cases. Each case starts with a positive integer N (N < 10) that represents the size of the matrix. The next N lines contain N integers each. The value of each integer is in the interval 0...9. Next there is a line with an integer M (M < 50). Each of the next M lines contain one operation. If the command is row a b or col a b, then you can assume 1 <= a, b >= N and a ≠ b.

Output specification

For each case, output the case number on the first line. Then on the next N lines output the content of the final matrix. Print a blank line after each case (even after the very last one).

Sample input

2
4
1234
5678
1234
5678
1
transpose
3
000
111
000
2
row 1 2
inc

Sample output

Case #1
1515
2626
3737
4848

Case #2
222
111
111

Use input redirection to read the input from a file, e.g. ./pa08b < input.txt